Sunday, September 25, 2005

Serial port monitor cable

Half Duplex

The schematic below is used to make a half duplex RS232 monitoring cable.

half-duplex-cable
This cable is used for monitoring 2 devices communicating in half duplex fashion, that is, one device would send data and the other device would receive data. Both devices cannot transmit at the same time with half duplex, if that happened the data would be unusable.

Full Duplex

The next cable is used for monitoring full duplex RS232 communication.


full-duplex-cable
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    PC Com Port - EIA-574 RS-232/V.24 pin out on a DB-9 pin used for asynchronous data


    R9-pinout

    X.21 interface on a DB 15 connector

    X21-pinout

    EIA-561

    RS232D uses RJ45 type connectors (similar to telephone connectors)


    RJ45
    This is a standard 9 to 25 pin cable layout for async data on a PC AT serial cable


    X24-pinout
    Some applications require more pins than a simple async. configurations.

    RS232-pinout

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  • DNC Software

    About DNC software

    DNC Precision is a communications program specially developed to exchange data and programs between a computer and any Numerical Control (NC) machine. The program makes it possible to send and receive programs written in the machine language. DNC Precision can run on any computer working under Windows 9x,Me,NT,2000,XP or Windows 2003 Server.

    This program can send and receive files both in the manual mode (under the control of the PC user) and automatically by receiving certain requests from the NC.

    Main program features:

    1. Working with several machines at a time if the system is built according to the radial
    scheme where each machine is connected to a separate serial port;
    2. Creating separate configurations for several machines

    • Configuring port parameters
    • Using software or hardware handshaking
    • Configuring the format of files that are sent and received
    • Restricting users' access to the program settings
    • Choosing a separate folder with programs for each machine
    3. Creating back-ups
    4. Working in the automatic mode when files are sent and received automatically
    5. Processing commands transmitted in the header of a data block (only for machines
    supporting this feature)

    Brief description

    DNC Precision is the unique feature-packed NC operation and management software, allowing full control of the process via serial port, which operates as a multiple NC management gateway allowing for secure access to numerically controlled device.

    What problems can be solved with DNC Precision?

    You can probably name several all-inclusive DNC tools, while it is really a problem to find good DNC \ CNC management software. DNC Precision is a feature-packed NC operation and management software, allowing full control of the process via serial port, which operates as a multiple NC management gateway allowing for secure access to numerically controlled device. Why waste time on ill-thought solutions?

    Getting started is easy. DNC software is ready!

    After installation start DNC Precision. Then connect one NC machine to the free serial port. Then click "Add" button in the main program screen. Later go from page to page and change some options, such as COM number, data flow control and etc. by default all options set to most compatible state with wide range of CNC devices.

    Features

    DNC Precision is a communications program specially developed to exchange data and programs between a computer and any Numerical Control (NC) machine. The program makes it possible to send and receive programs written in the machine language.

    Send and receive files. This program can send and receive files both in the manual mode (under the control of the PC user) and automatically by receiving certain requests from the NC;

    Multiple CNC. Working with several machines at a time if the system is built according to the radial scheme where each machine is connected to a separate serial port;

    Flexible configuration. Creating separate configurations for several machines (configuring port parameters, using software or hardware handshaking, configuring the format of files that are sent and received, restricting users' access to the program settings, choosing a separate folder with programs for each machine);

    Automatic (server) mode. It is the most "advanced" and intellectual working mode of the program. In this mode all the program actions are performed automatically without the PC user actions. When the program is launched, it is automatically switched to the mode for receiving information from the machine. When receiving some data, the program analyzes their contents and depending on the processed information performs responds in one way or another;

    Creating back-ups. While transmitting files from the machine to the computer, sometimes it happens so that the transmitted file already exists on the disk in the specified folder;

    Advanced remote commands processing. Is the most convenient way of transmitting the information between the machine and the PC. Nearly any information can be transmitted in this form. Using this way, the NC operator can request the information (folder contents, files) from the DNC Precision. The NC operator sends a small program to the DNC Precision with the requests, to which he would like to receive responses;

    Files list. In the server mode the DNC Precision can process the request to send the list of files located in the folder specified in the machine options;

    Reports. While transmitting and receiving files, processing requests in the automatic mode, it is sometimes necessary to inform the operator about the operation performance status. It can be done with the help of reports. The DNC Precision can generate the following types of fully customizable reports: successful file receiving, failure request and non successful file receiving.

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    CNC Syntax Editor

    Brief description

    CNC Syntax Editor is a popular tool for writing, editing, and studying CNC programs with G codes. It has a comfortable and intuitive interface both for beginners and advanced programmers. CNC Syntax Editor is deceptively simple, but really powerful.

    What problems can be solved with CNC Syntax Editor?

    You can probably name several all-inclusive CNC editor tools, while it is really a problem to find good CNC editor software. CNC Syntax Editor is a feature-packed G code editor, allowing highlight a program syntax. It has a comfortable and intuitive interface both for beginners and advanced programmers. It visually splits commads and coordinates into tabbed groups. CNC Syntax Editor will help CNC programmers, CNC machinists, CNC operators, manufacturing engineers, process engineers etc with manual CNC code entry and NC file modifications.

    Getting started is easy. CNC Syntax Editor software is ready!

    After installing CNC Syntax Editor, start it from the "Start->Programs" group. Select the "File->Open" menu item if you want to edit existing CNC program or select select "File->New" if you want to create new NC program. Now you can simpy type you G code in the editor window.

    Features

    CNC Syntax Editor is a popular tool for writing, editing, and studying CNC programs (NC machine language) with G codes. It has a comfortable and intuitive interface both for beginners and advanced programmers. CNC Syntax Editor is deceptively simple, but really powerful.

    CNC intelligent editing with Undo and Redo. Dozens of CNC intelligent editing commands make changes to your CNC program quickly and easily. Edit confidently with the ability to undo and redo the last 1024 changes. Predator Editor includes Microsoft® Word compatible menus, toolbar, and shortcut keys making it easy to learn;

    Unlimited file size. The CNC Syntax Editor supports up to 2 GB of code per CNC program. In addition, editing multiple CNC programs at the same time is supported, with the ability to cut, copy, and paste between them;

    File compare. CNC Syntax Editor includes a side by side file compare which identifies each line difference. CNC Editor uses the WinDiff application that is provided by Microsoft;

    The code repository. CNC Syntax Editor add intelligence by remembering all the CNC control details. CNC contains the code repository, that can store unlimited number of your parts of most usable code and code templates;

    Upload files to a machine. Send file to one machine at a time, via DNC Precision application to any compatible CNC machine. Works in the background even while other software applications are running;

    On-line help. Press the F1 key at anytime and on-line help will appear providing concise and up to date documentation;

    Lines numbering and renumbering. CNC Syntax Editor can add or remove the line numbers. Standard CNC line numbers with the format of Nnnnn are used;

    Shift/Scale/Mirror. CNC Syntax Editor can add, subtract, scale or mirror selected axis (address) value in a part of a file or whole file;

    Add and remove spaces. CNC Syntax Editor can either insert spaces into your file to make it easier to read, or it can remove spaces from your file to reduce the file size;

    Exchange axes. This function allows the user to exchange the values of one coordinate address to another.

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  • Pinout

    Note: DCD is sometimes labeled CD

    Signals May Have No Fixed Meaning

    Only 3 of the 9 pins have a fixed assignment: transmit, receive and signal ground. This is fixed by the hardware and you can't change it. But the other signal lines are controlled by software and may do (and mean) almost anything at all. However they can only be in one of two states: asserted (+12 volts) or negated (-12 volts). Asserted is "on" and negated is "off".
    A modem (or other device) that receives this DTR signal may do various things. If a modem has been configured a certain way it will hang up the telephone line when DTR is negated. In other cases it may ignore this signal or do something else when DTR is negated (turned off).

    Cabling Between Serial Ports

    A cable from a serial port always connects to another serial port. An external modem or other device that connects to the serial port has a serial port built into it. For modems, the cable is always straight thru: pin 2 goes to pin 2, etc. The modem is said to be DCE (Data Communications Equipment) and the computer is said to be DTE (Data Terminal Equipment). Thus for connecting DTE-to-DCE you use straight-thru cable. For connecting DTE-to-DTE you must use a null-modem cable (also called a crossover cable). There are many ways to wire such cable (see examples in "Serial cable connection").

    There are good reasons why it works this way. One reason is that the signals are unidirectional. If pin 2 sends a signal out of it (but is unable to receive any signal) then obviously you can't connect it to pin 2 of the same type of device. If you did, they would both send out signals on the same wire to each other but neither would be able to receive any signal. There are two ways to deal with this situation. One way is to have a two different types of equipment where pin 2 of the first type sends the signal to pin 2 of the second type (which receives the signal). That's the way it's done when you connect a PC (DTE) to a modem (DCE). There's a second way to do this without having two different types of equipment: Connect pin sending pin 2 to a receiving pin 3 on same type of equipment. That's the way it's done when you connect 2 PCs together or a PC to a terminal (DTE-to-DTE). The cable used for this is called a null-modem cable since it connects two PCs without use of a modem. A null-modem cable may also be called a cross-over cable since the wires between pins 2 and 3 cross over each other (if you draw them on a sheet of paper). The above example is for a 25 pin connector but for a 9-pin connector the pin numbers are just the opposite.

    The serial pin designations were originally intended for connecting a dumb terminal to a modem. The terminal was DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and the modem was DCE (Data Communication Equipment). Today the PC is usually used as DTE instead of a terminal (but real terminals may still be used this way). The names of the pins are the same on both DTE and DCE. The words: "receive" and "transmit" are from the "point of view" of the PC (DTE). The transmit pin from the PC transmits to the "transmit" pin of the modem (but actually the modem is receiving the data from this pin so from the point of view of the modem it would be a receive pin).

    The serial port was originally intended to be used for connecting DTE to DCE which makes cabling simple: just use a straight-thru cable. Thus when one connects a modem one seldom needs to worry about which pin is which. But people wanted to connect DTE to DTE (for example a computer to a terminal) and various ways were found to do this by fabricating various types of special null-modem cables. In this case what pin connects to what pin becomes significant.

    RTS/CTS and DTR/DSR Flow Control

    This is "hardware" flow control. Flow control was previously explained in the Flow Control subsection but the pins and voltage signals were not.

    Then when a DTE (such as a PC) wants to stop the flow into it, it negates RTS. Negated "Request To Send" (-12 volts) means "request NOT to send to me" (stop sending). When the PC is ready for more bytes it asserts RTS (+12 volts) and the flow of bytes to it resumes. Flow control signals are always sent in a direction opposite to the flow of bytes that is being controlled. DCE equipment (modems) works the same way but sends the stop signal out the CTS pin. Thus it's RTS/CTS flow control using 2 lines.

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